Hargailah jasa pokok

Basic of Energy and Electricity (at home n our country)

Bunyi entry pon dh mmbuatkn anda mls nk embacanya kan...haaha...dah tau dah...bear in mind ok...yg ak nk bg tau ni adalah asas/ basic and fakta tntng tenaga elektrik kat Malaysia ni...termasuk kt rumah anda pon....so jgn xtahu...of course lah..it can be very basic and i know certain of u of course know about this...but for whom doesn't know it can be very benefit kot..alah..sekadar pengatahuan am jer..senng nnti anak ker, ank buah ker,, jiran tetangga ker tanya anda..blh la anda jwb nnti..hehe....

ok...yg ni berdsrkn pengatahuan aku,, so kalau ada salah harap diperbetulkan ok....cayalah korng semua...

1. The default value (standardize) bg voltan yg terdpt di rumah anda yg anda aksesnya melalui wall socket (3 pins plug) itu adalh 240V (Vrms) dan mempunyai frequency tetap = 50Hz. so, cuma nilai inilah sahaja yg mampu menghidupkn semua peralatn elektrik kt rumah anda.
   


2. Bentuk gelombang nya pula (voltan ini) adalah sinusoidal (sine wave) atau juga istilahnya adalah AC (alternating current). so, cuba tgk dkt radio ker, mesti ada nilai ini: 240V, 50Hz, AC.
   
3. Tetapi ada juga menggunakan 'DC' bermaksud direct current. so, cara nk hidupkannya adalah melalui bateri.
   


4. 3 pins socket compose of ground (top), neutral (right) and live (left).. (everybody should know this!!). live wire cuma ada satu sahaja kerana connection circuit kt rumah kita adalh satu fasa sahaja.


5. SIRIM berpandukan standard dari IEC (International Electrotechnical Committe) bagi menetpkan piawai peralatn elektrik di Malaysia. MS dekat peralatn elektrik tu adalah label Malaysia.


6. terdapat 4 peringkat utama dlm sistem tenaga elektrik: generation, distribution, transmission and load.


7. generation di Malaysia kebanyakkannya menggunakan sumber tenaga diperbaharui (air) contohnya di empangan hydoelectric kenyir.


8. terdpt 11 kesemuanya empangan hydroelectric kt semennjung Malaysia.


9. yang paling besar adalah empangan Bakun di Borneo Sarawak (bakal disiapkan). rujuk my previous post.


10. manakala Kapar Power Station plk adalah yg paling besar bagi katogeri menggunkan sumber tenaga non-renewable, iaitu menggunakn coal~arang batu. Kapar power station (known as Thermal power station) ni menghasilkn sebnyk 2420 MW electricity. it is also the first coal fired power station in Malaysia.


11. at present, the transmission system in our country is at voltages of 66kV, 132kV, and 275kV.


12. then from transmission line , energy akan smpai ke customer melalui distribution system. the distribution system mewakili the final linkage btwn the consumers and the power stations.
    
13. disebbkan transmission line ni merupakan high voltage (HV) nyer system..so di penghujung transmission line tu akn terdpt step-down transformer utk turunkn nilai voltan ini to be supplied to the load centres via the distribution network.
14. the distribution voltages used in Malaysia are 33kV, 11kV, and 415/240V.
    
15. bagi nilai voltage yg besar iaitu 33kV and 11kV ni adalah utk kegunaam kilang2/ industri dan ia menggunkan sambungn litar 3 fasa.
    
16. manakala bagi rumah kediaman kita pula, cuma menggunkan 240V jer dan smbungn litar satu fasa.
    
17. semua perkara ini diuruskan oleh TNB dibawah KTAK.
    
18. Pusat tenaga Malaysia (PTM) di seksyen 18 bdr baru bangi tu plk yg akn bertanggungjwb pasal rule and regulation of electricity.
    
19. TNB juga dikenali sbg IPP (Independant power producer) dan yg pertama di Malaysia.

OK..DONE...all of these info are based on my understanding and if there any mistakes, plz let me know and i will corect it...btw.. there re still a lot more info and fact about energy and electricity that i would like to share with u from time to time.....so, keep up with me ok...CAYALAH KORNG SEMUA...

Kilat!! dan cara melindungi diri anda

Sekarng ni musim hujan kn kt negara kita, not only rain lah kn, but it accompanied by the lightning flash and its bang. Takut kan dgr bunyi kilat yg kuat disusuli dgn effect cahaya nya especially budak2. in fact ak dulu zaman kanak2 pon mmng selimut habis satu bdn lah bila terdengar bunyi guruh ni...hehe..korng pon kn...

Here are some short n brief information lah that i would like to share with u about the lightning and how to protect urself....selmt membacanya...

1. lightning merupakan proses discharge of electricity. Iaitu electron akn melompat/ tertarik oleh cas positif dibumi dr awan (cas –ve) dgn cepat dn disusuli oleh bunyi yg kuat.

2. or in other way around it is a static charge from clouds following the path of least resistance to the earth involving high voltage and current.

3. a strike can average 100 milion volts of electricity and current of up to 100, 000 amperes manakala suhu yg terhasil pula sebanyk 30,000°C. Pergh....dahsyat!! tu, So berhati2 lah anda semua...

4. in fact badan manusia pun mempunyai rintangan sekitar 1k ohm...so any lightning strike would bring damage on organ, human tissue..

5. so langkh pencegahan, jgn berada kt luar semasa lightning strike...hehe..as easy as that

6. but If u re outside, Immediately crouch down, get on the balls of your feet and cover your ears. Do not lie down or place your hands on the ground… it can be alike a complete circuit then!!..alah, mcm litar lengkap..perantaranya bdn manusia .. and bumi jadi ground…(theeee.hopefully u all can understand this)

7. lagi satu jgn juga berada dibawah pokok ker, pondok usang ker sebb tempt2 ni doesn’t have any good protection lah cam tiada grounding.

8. but if u re inside ur house and would like to leave ur house..remember the 30-30 rule!! ...>>> it state that ..after u see a flash of lightning, count to 30 snds.. >>> if ur count can’t reach to 30 scnds b4 u hear next thunder...>>> so better u keep staying inside..>>> after last flash lightning instorm,.>>> wait 30 minutes b4 leaving home ok...

9. fact shown that half of all people who died from lightning re struck after the storm is over..

10. Last but not least, make sure ur house too well equipped with full protection circuit n devices.

Hey Arnold.... don't u ever go around playing outside during the lightning srike ok!! got it...

Together we save our earth

LETS KEEP THE MOTHER NATURE BALANCE. COME ON GUYS, PUT UR EFFORT TO FIGHT FOR THE GLOBAL WARMING JUST FOR ONE HOUR ONLY!!! DO SAVE OUR EARTH BY VOTE ONTO THIS CAMPAIGN...REMEMBER!!! ENERGY SAVINGS... DO PRACTICING IT IN UR LIVES...

sign up now at http://www.earthhour.org.my/

TO CONTRIBUTE INTO THIS CAMPAIGN... GUYS, I HAVE ONE OPINION.. MAY BE IT CAN BE FIND USEFUL AND MAY TAKEN INTO THE CONSIDERATIONS... OK U SEE THE DIAGRAM BELOW. BASICALLY IT IS THE ROUGH SKETCHING OF THE MALAYSIA RESIDENTIAL LOADS. THE LOADS MAINLY CONSIST OF LIGHTING, RADIO, TV, REFRIGERATOR, KITCHEN APPLIANCES, WASHING MACHINES AND ETC... THE LOAD INCREASES IN THE EVENING AROUND 6 P.M. AND RETURN BACK TO NOMINAL VALUE AROUND 12 P.M...

OK..MY SUGGESTION IS... WE MUST SHOULD AVOID TO SWITCH ON THOSE APPLIANCES DURING THE PEAK LOADS HOUR AND ENCOURAGE TO DO SO AFTER 12 P.M...... OK...

PEOPLE SOMETIMES WILL LOOK DOWN INTO THE MERELY THINGS...BUT THEY DON'T REALIZE THAT ALL OF THESE PETTY THINGS LA THAT KEEP THEIR LIVE WELL GOING...

Yosh Energy: Renewable Energy in Malaysia, Bakun Hydroelectric

THERE are many types of renewable energy that are potentially to be develop and been commercial. there are hydropower, wind-power, solar energy, biomass, thermak energy, wave and tidal energy and fuel cells. Malaysia itself has approximately 20 power plants at the peninsular. 11 out of them are the hydro power plants. these large numbers been influenced by the country climate and its geographical demography.


Malaysia are currently attempts to finish the Bakun Hydroelectric Project, located in Sarawak (Island of Borneo) on the Balui River west of Belaga (some 37 km upstream of Belaga). It will have the tallest concrete forced rock fill dam in the world with a length of crest of 740 metres, a base width of 560 metres and a crest width of 12 metres. this would be the largest dam in Asia outside China. it will flood 69, 640 hectares of land, an area bigger than Singapore. this area is presently being clear-cut. its catchment area is over 1.5 million hectares of mainly primary forest. 51% of the land of the reservoir area is Native Customary Land (meaning it is legally owned by the indigenous communities).


Bakun Hydroelectric will generate 2400 MW (8 *360 MVA generators) once completed. at least 70% of this will be transmitted to Peninsular Malaysia. there will be 730 km of HVDC line in East Malaysia, 670 km of undersea HVDC and 300 km of HVDC transmission lines in the Peninsular Malaysia. first attempt to build this station was in 1960, then 1986 then 2003. it will cost USD 2.4 billion. the target is to start in 2012 (initially scheduled on 2003).